
Digital technology has become a normal part of the classroom. Students can access resources instantly, watch educational videos, complete online assessments and carry thousands of pages of information on a single device.
Yet for something as fundamental as reading and understanding information, newer does not necessarily mean better.
Research from the University of Stavanger suggests that when students need to concentrate, understand a difficult subject or remember what they have read, printed materials can still have an important advantage over screens.
In this insight:
- Paper Gives Reading a Clearer Focus
- Reading Is About More Than Seeing the Words
- Removing Wi-Fi Doesn’t Make a Screen the Same as Paper
- Print Also Makes Learning More Physical
- It Doesn’t Have to Be Paper Versus Screens
- Sometimes Better Learning Doesn’t Need More Technology
Paper Gives Reading a Clearer Focus
A tablet, laptop or phone can perform hundreds of different tasks.
That versatility is one of the biggest advantages of digital technology, but when students are trying to concentrate on a piece of text, it can also work against them.
Messages, notifications, browser tabs, videos and other applications are never far away. Even when they are not being actively used, students know those options are available.
Paper is different.
There is nothing else competing for attention. The page simply contains the information that needs to be read.
That makes printed materials particularly suitable for:
- Revision and exam preparation
- Longer pieces of reading
- Detailed or technical subjects
- Classroom worksheets
- Reading comprehension activities
- Information students may need to revisit
Reading Is About More Than Seeing the Words
Understanding a text requires considerably more than reading each individual sentence.
Students need to connect different ideas, remember information from earlier in the text, understand unfamiliar terminology and decide which information is important.
Research highlighted by Fred Arne Kjørkleiv at the University of Stavanger suggests that reading digitally can introduce additional demands into that process.
Scrolling, navigating between sections and interacting with a device may appear insignificant, but each action requires a small amount of attention.

For a confident reader, that may make little difference. For someone who already has to work harder to process written information, however, those additional demands can make comprehension more difficult.
With paper, the information remains physically fixed.
Students can see where something appeared on the page, quickly look back at an earlier paragraph and develop a clearer sense of where they are within the material.
Removing Wi-Fi Does Not Make a Screen the Same as Paper
It’s tempting to blame the difference entirely on online distractions.
Turn off the internet, remove notifications and surely reading from a screen becomes much the same as reading from a printed page?
The way we use digital devices has encouraged a particular style of reading. On a screen, we frequently:
- Scan rather than read every word
- Scroll quickly through information
- Move between different pieces of content
- Look for the main points
- Decide rapidly whether something’s worth continuing to read
Those behaviours are extremely useful online, but they aren’t always ideal when a student needs to understand something in depth.
Printed material tends to create a more deliberate reading experience. There’s less encouragement to move on and more opportunity to stop, reread and think about what has just been learned.
Print Also Makes Learning More Physical
Paper allows students to interact with information in simple but useful ways.
They can underline a sentence, highlight an important section, add a note in the margin or place a marker beside something they want to revisit.
These actions can encourage students to engage with the material rather than simply move through it.
Printed resources can therefore work particularly well when students need to:
- Identify key information
- Compare different sections of a text
- Make handwritten notes
- Highlight important terminology
- Discuss material as a group
- Return to information during revision
It Doesn’t Have to Be Paper Versus Screens
Digital technology remains an essential part of education.
It can make learning more accessible, provide instant access to resources and allow teachers to use video, interactive exercises and collaborative tools that simply are not possible with paper.
The important question is therefore not which format should replace the other?
It’s which format is most appropriate for what students are trying to achieve?
Digital resources may be ideal for:
- Research
- Video and multimedia
- Interactive activities
- Collaboration
- Online testing and assessment
Printed resources may be more effective for:
- Extended reading
- Detailed comprehension
- Revision
- Note-taking
- Concentrated study
Using both intelligently can give students the advantages of each.
Sometimes Better Learning Doesn’t Need More Technology
Education will continue to become more digital, and there are good reasons for that.
But there is also value in recognising when a traditional method continues to work particularly well.
A printed page is simple. It does not flash, scroll, notify or compete for attention. It allows the reader to concentrate on one thing at a time.
And when the objective is not simply to access information but to understand and remember it, that simplicity may be one of paper's greatest strengths.
Source: Two Sides – research and information relating to print, paper and reading.




























